An earth rod, also known as a ground rod, is a metal electrode driven into the earth to create an electrical connection to the ground, forming a crucial part of an electrical earthing system. Its primary function is to provide a low-resistance path for fault currents to dissipate into the ground, preventing electrical hazards and ensuring safety. Here's a more detailed description: Purpose: Dissipating Fault Currents: Earth rods act as a safe pathway for excess electrical current (fault currents) to flow into the earth, away from electrical equipment and personnel. Preventing Electrical Hazards: By providing a low-resistance path to ground, earth rods help to prevent electric shock, equipment damage, and fires caused by electrical faults. Stabilizing Voltage: Earth rods help to maintain a stable voltage reference in electrical systems, ensuring proper operation of equipment and preventing voltage fluctuations. Materials and Construction: Copper: Commonly used due to its high conductivity and corrosion resistance. Copper-clad steel: A cost-effective option with good conductivity and corrosion resistance. Stainless steel: Provides good corrosion resistance, especially in aggressive soil conditions. Shapes and Sizes: Earth rods come in various shapes and sizes, with diameters typically ranging from 1/2" to 1", and lengths from 4 feet to 10 feet, according to Maltep. Installation: Driven into the ground: Earth rods are typically driven into the earth using a driving tool, ensuring good contact with the soil. Connection to earthing system: The earth rod is connected to the main earthing conductor of the electrical system, completing the earthing circuit. Importance: Essential for Electrical Safety: Earth rods are a fundamental component of any electrical system, playing a vital role in ensuring electrical safety and preventing hazards. Required by Regulations: Many electrical codes and regulations mandate the use of earth rods in electrical installations to ensure safety and compliance.